Lī góa tòa ê só͘-chāi siōng kīn ê hit-keng tô͘-su-koán, ū chi̍t-pún éng-éng chioh bô ê chheh, to̍h sī Jared Diamond ê "Guns, Germs and Steel" ê THBK Tiong-e̍k pún, "槍炮、病菌與鋼鐵".
Chit-pún chheh ēng kho-ha̍k lâi kái-soeh jîn-lūi siā-hōe kûn-thé bô kāng-khoán ê hoat-tián ia̍h-sī kóng, miā-ūn, ê in-toaⁿ, chiâⁿ ū soeh-ho̍k-le̍k, mā ka-thiam lâng ê tì-sek.
Chit-kò͘-goe̍h tńg-lâi Thô-hn̂g tòa, chiâⁿ bô kán-tan hoat-hiān tô͘-su-koán iáu ū chi̍t-pún thang chioh, hit-pún í-keng hō͘-lâng hian kàu phòa-phòa-nōa-nōa, kui-pún beh sòaⁿ--khui ah. Góa chi̍t-ē hian-khui lâi tha̍k, soah chhoah chi̍t-tōa-ē... M̄-chai sī ē hō͘ chit-ê e̍k-pún chhiò-sí á-sī khì-sí！
Goân-bûn tē 231 ia̍h ū chi̍t-tiuⁿ téng-koân sī chi̍t-siú Hân-kok si ê tô͘, ē-bīn siá,
"A Korean text (the poem "Flowers on the Hills" by So-Wol Kim), illustrating the remarkable Han'gul writing system. ......"
Chit jī "remarkable" ê kāng-ì-sû ū chia--ê, "excellent, outstanding, brilliant, marvelous, splendid...", ì-sù sī gōa hó tú gōa hó, hó kàu beh chiūⁿ-thiⁿ, hó kàu lâu ba̍k-sái...
M̄-koh THBK pán sī tī 249 ia̍h, in kā lâng e̍k-chò,
"韓國文字舉隅(註一)。......"
ZzZzz...
Goân-bûn tē 333 ia̍h koh kóng-tio̍h Tiong-kok-jī tùi Ji̍t-pún kap Hân-kok ê éng-hióng, Ji̍t-pún chiáu-siông teh ēng goân-chū Tiong-kok-jī ê su-siá hē-thóng, ah nā Hân-kok ê chêng-hêng,
"....while Korea is only now replacing its clumsy Chinese-derived writing with its wonderful indigenous han'gul alphabet."
Chit-kù THBK e̍k-pún tē 367 ia̍h sī án-ne siá--ê,
"韓國在二次大戰後才全面改用現代拼音系統書寫韓語".
"Clumsy" kap "wonderful" hông phiaⁿ tó-ūi khì ah？
Che ì-sù eng-kai sī, "... ah nā Hân-kok sī chit-má chiah kā ùi Tiong-kok-jī lâi ê pūn-chhiâng ê su-siá hē-thóng ōaⁿ-chò in ka-kī chiâⁿ khiàu-biāu ê pún-thó͘ han’gul jī-bó."
Kóng án-ne, Tiong-kok-lâng tong-jiân thiaⁿ bē lo̍h-khì lah！
Iáu ū koh khah chhiau-kòe--ê, tē 16 chiuⁿ ê phiau-tê sī,
"HOW CHINA BECAME CHINESE─The history of East Asia"
THBK e̍k-pún kā chit-kù pìⁿ án-ne
"中國 : 東亞之光"
？？？
Kok-ūi hiong-chhin ah！Lín kám koh khòaⁿ ē lo̍h-khì？
Che choa̍t-tùi ū kúi！ Siàⁿ-siàⁿ to̍h sī án-ne.
Chit-chiuⁿ teh thó-lūn ê būn-tê sī, Tiong-kok lâm-pō͘ kap pak-pō͘ ê khì-hāu kap khoân-kéng sī chha-tōa-bé, m̄-koh sī án-chóaⁿ chia-ê lâng ê hoat-tián chhut sio-kāng ia̍h-sī put-chí sio-sêng ê gí-giân kap bûn-hòa neh？
Diamond jīn-ûi Tiong-kok chit-phiàn thó͘-tē kap pa̍t-ūi kāng-khoán, tú-khai-sí lóng ū ho̍k-cha̍p to-goân ê cho͘-sêng, m̄-koh pí lâng khah chá "thóng-it", chia-ê lâng sī án-chóaⁿ hông "Hôa-hòa（Sinification）" chiâⁿ-chò Tiong-kok-lâng？ I beh hôe-tap chit-ê būn-tê.
Koan-kiān to̍h sī khoah-tōa ê pêⁿ-iûⁿ（pêng-goân）, chit-ê tē-lí in-sò͘ tùi bûn-hòa kap chèng-tī ê thóng-it kap ki-su̍t ê thoân-pò iú-lī, m̄-koh tùi ki-su̍t hoat-tián su-iàu ê kēng-cheng ap-le̍k put-lī. Bûn-jī hē-thóng to̍h sī chi̍t-ê lē, "Tiong-kok to̍k-to̍k hoat-tián chhut chi̍t-chióng khiā-chāi ê su-siá hē-thóng. I tī Tiong-kok pak-hong tōa-kàu-chāi, thòaⁿ-khui, hō͘ bô jī ê cho̍k-kûn the̍h-khì ēng, ia̍h-sī chhú-tāi kî-û iáu-bē kàu-hun ê hē-thóng, ûn-ûn-á chiâⁿ-chò kin-á-ji̍t iáu tī Tiong-kok sú-iōng ê bûn-jī."
Téng-koân chit-kù sī góa kā goân-bûn tē 331 ia̍h ê chit-kù hoan-e̍k chò Tâi-bûn, "China developed just a single well-attested writing system. It was perfected in North China, spread and preempted or replaced any other nascent system, and evolved into the writing still used in China today."
M̄-koh THBK pán tē 365 ia̍h sī án-ne siá,
"中國只發展出一種文字，在華北完成，流傳各地、所向披靡，所有其他的書寫系統(假如有的話)都失去了發展的機會。今天的漢語文字，就是從那一套古文字演進而來."
Siáⁿ-mi̍h hō͘-chò "（假如有的話）"? Goân-bûn kám ū chit-ê ì-sù？Kám-kak bô-lé-bô-māu...
Chóng-sī, Tiong-kok chèng-tī kap bûn-hòa tāi-it-thóng ê goân-in, thâu-khí-seng sī tē-lí in-sò͘, āu-lâi î-chhî chit-ê hiān-chōng ê hó ke-si to̍h sī Tiong-kok-jī lah. It's the writing system, stupid.
How China became Chinese? Thàm-thó tòa tī Tiong-kok chit-phiàn thó͘-tē ê chèng cho̍k-kûn sī án-chóaⁿ ē choân-choân chiâⁿ-chò ū Tiong-Hôa bîn-cho̍k/kok-ka ì-sek ê Tiong-kok-lâng, hiān-hiān tu̍h-phòa "Tiong-Hôa bîn-cho̍k" chi̍t-ê mō͘-chi-mō͘-liap ê sian-kó͘, THBK bô kā bûn-chhòng--chi̍t-ē, beh ná-ē ēng--tit？
Chheh-lāi kóng ùi Chîn Tè-kok thóng-it choân tē, bûn-hòa ê thóng-ha̍p mā tòe teh piàⁿ-kín, sòa--lo̍h-lâi chit-kù, "as literate ‘civilized’ Chinese states absorbed, or were copied by, the illiterate ‘barbarians’.", THBK ê e̍k-bûn sī, "以文字為基礎的「文明」中國，魅力無限，夷狄不是給同化，就是積極仿冒".
"魅力無限" ùi tó-ūi lâi？Chiok káⁿ siá--ê. Ka-kī po, bē chhàu-chho.
Chit-chiuⁿ ê siōng bóe chi̍t-tōaⁿ sī án-ne,
"Thanks to the achievements of East Asia's first farmers, China became Chinese, and peoples from Thailand to (as we shall see in the next chapter) Easter Island became their cousins." Che sī chok-chiá kho-ha̍k chhui-lūn ê chóng-kiat, m̄-koh THBK e̍k-bûn kā pau-pau chò chi̍t-kù,
"中國的歷史遺產仍在發熱發光".
Tī góa ê bûn-chiuⁿ Iā-tio̍h Thâu-khak Iā-tio̍h Sim（Tē-it pō͘-hūn）siāu-kài chiân hiān-tāi kok-ka sī án-chóaⁿ lâi--ê, tāi-liōng choán-su̍t "Guns, Germs and Steel" tē 14 chiuⁿ, i ê phiau-tê sī "FROM EGALITARIANISM TO KLEPTOCRACY", che kám m̄-sī "ÙI PÊNG-TÉNG-CHÚ-GĪ KÀU CHHA̍T-Á THÓNG-TĪ"？ Cute sarcasm! Sim-sek. THBK kā chit-ê phiau-tê hō-chò "國家的誕生", chiâⁿ bô gī-niū！Ia̍h-sī kóng, kiaⁿ lâng khoaⁿ-tio̍h "chha̍t-á thóng-tī" ē siūⁿ-phian--khì, "Chit-chióng thún-ta̍h lâng, pak-siah lâng ê kok-ka, kám sī teh kóng Tiong-Hôa Bîn-kok？Se̍k-bīn se̍k-bīn..."
Chit-chiuⁿ lāi ū nn̄g-tōaⁿ góa te̍k-pia̍t kah-ì, chi̍t-ê tī tē 273 ia̍h,
"With the rise of chiefdoms around 7,500 years ago, people had to learn, for the first time in history, how to encounter strangers regularly without attempting to kill them."
Góa ùi "for the first time..." kā e̍k-chò Tâi-bûn,
"...le̍k-sú-siōng, lâng thâu chi̍t-pái tio̍h ài ha̍k-si̍p beh án-chóaⁿ put-sam-sî tú-tio̍h chhiⁿ-hūn-lâng koh mài khí-sat-sim beh kā lâng thâi."
THBK ê e̍k-bûn, "酋邦在七千五百年前興起時，就是人類學習面對陌生人的第一課: 如何習以為常，不互相殘殺". Góa beh khùn--khì--ah.
Koh ū tī tē 288 ia̍h ê chit-tōaⁿ,
"As early societies developed, those acquiring centralized power gradually established themselves as an elite, perhaps originating as one of several formerly equal-ranked village clans that became ‘more equal’ than the others."
Che sī teh kái-soeh jīn-lūi siā-hōe bô pêng-téng ê khí-goân, ín siáu-soat "Animal Farm" ê kò͘-tián, "All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others." Chiah-nī chhù-bī ê bûn-kù, THBK pán án-ne e̍k, "在社群發展的過程中，握有權力者，便成為上層階級，宰制其他階級, 「人人平等」從此成為已逝的美夢，原始隊群和部落的遺跡".
Goân-choân bô kā "pí lâng koh khah pêng-téng" chit-ê hō͘-lâng tha̍k liáu ē bâ-bún-á chhiò--chhut-lâi ê kò͘-tián chiàu e̍k, ū-kàu bô-chhái！
Kám kóng, bûn-hòa ê Tiong-kok-lâng, sī chiah-nī-á bô iu-be̍k-kám, ài chhàu-tōaⁿ koh gâu chò-chhiú ê bîn-cho̍k？
Kin-á-ji̍t tú-tú-á hó sī 2021 nî ê 10 goe̍h chhe 10, ta̍k-ke chòe-tīn kā bián-kī lia̍h-chò seⁿ-ji̍t lâi khèng-chiok ê hó ji̍t-chí, Chóng-tok-hú thâu-chêng ê bûn-chhòng chhui-pâi iū-koh hō͘-lâng chài-saⁿ chài-sì gī-lūn bô soah, m̄-koh THBK ê bûn-chhòng, khó͘ⁿ-ò͘ⁿ ê sé-náu kang-têng, khah chia̍p sī bô hiah hiáⁿ-ba̍k, bē-su coronavirus, lâng bô khòaⁿ-kìⁿ, m̄-chai hit-ê mi̍h í-keng hông òe lâ-sâm ah, chi̍t-ē bong--tio̍h, pēⁿ-to̍k nǹg--ji̍p-khì, thâu-khak chiū hông chhòng-khang--ah！